Bronchiolitis: Recent Evidence on Diagnosis and Management abstract

Viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of acute illness and hospitalization of young children. Research into the variation in treatment and outcomes for bronchiolitis across different settings has led to evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Ongoing investigation continues to expand this body of evidence. Authors of recent surveillance studies have defined the presence of coinfections withmultiple viruses in some cases of bronchiolitis. Underlying comorbidities and young age remain the most important predictors for severe bronchiolitis. Pulse oximetry plays an important role in driving use of health care resources. Evidence-based reviews have suggested a limited role for diagnostic laboratory or radiographic tests in typical cases of bronchiolitis. Several large, recent trials have revealed a lack of efficacy for routine use of either bronchodilators or corticosteroids for treatment of bronchiolitis. Preliminary evidence suggests a potential future role for a combination of these therapies and other novel treatments such as nebulized hypertonic saline. Pediatrics 2010;125:342–349 AUTHORS: Joseph J. Zorc, MD, MSCEa,b and Caroline Breese Hall, MDc aDivision of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; bDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and cDepartments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York